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The College of Europe ((フランス語:Collège d'Europe)) is an independent university institute of postgraduate European studies with the main campus in Bruges, Belgium. It was founded in 1949 by such leading European figures and founding fathers of the European Union as Salvador de Madariaga, Winston Churchill, Paul-Henri Spaak and Alcide De Gasperi in the wake of the Hague Congress of 1948 to promote "a spirit of solidarity and mutual understanding between all the nations of Western Europe and to provide elite training to individuals who will uphold these values"〔"(Le rôle du Collège d'Europe )" (role of the College of Europe ), ''Journal de Bruges et de la Province'', 7 October 1950, Vol. 114, No. 78, p. 1〕 and "to train an elite of young executives for Europe."〔Henri Brugmans, "(Former des cadres pour l'Europe )" (executives for Europe ), ''Fédération'', January 1950, No. 60, pp. 42–44〕 It has the status of "Institution of Public Interest", operating according to Belgian law. Since 1993 the college has also had an additional smaller campus in Natolin, Poland, focusing on Central and Eastern European studies. Students are usually selected in cooperation with their countries' ministries of foreign affairs, and admission is highly competitive. The number of students each year used to be very low—for several decades less than 100—but has increased since the early 1990s. The College of Europe is bilingual, and students must be proficient in English and French. Students receive a master's degree (formerly called Diploma and Certificat) following a one-year programme. Traditionally, students specialize in either European law, international economics (i.e., European economic studies), or European political and administrative studies; in recent years, additional programmes have been created. According to ''The Times'', the "College of Europe, in the medieval Belgian city of Bruges, is to the European political elite what the Harvard Business School is to American corporate life. It is a hothouse where the ambitious and talented go to make contacts". ''The Economist'' describes it as "an elite finishing school for aspiring Eurocrats." The ''Financial Times'' writes that "the elite College of Europe in Bruges" is "an institution geared to producing crop after crop of graduates with a lifelong enthusiasm for EU integration." European Commissioner for Education Ján Figeľ described the college as "one of the most emblematic centres of European studies in the European Union".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Commissioners – Profiles, Portfolios and Homepages )〕 The ''BBC'' has referred to it as "the EU's very own Oxbridge". The college has also been described as "the leading place to study European affairs" and as "the elite training center for the European Union's political class". RFE/RL has referred to the college as "a Euro-federalist hot-spot." ''The Global Mail'' has described its students as "Europe's leaders-in-waiting." Each academic year is named for a patron and referred to as a promotion. The academic year is opened by a leading European politician. The College of Europe in Belgium shares several traditions with, and is often compared to, the École nationale d'administration (ENA) of France, but has a vastly more international profile. Its ''anciens'' include the former Prime Minister of Denmark Helle Thorning-Schmidt, the former Prime Minister of Finland Alexander Stubb, the former British Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg as well as Minister for Europe of Italy Enzo Moavero Milanesi, several of whom have also been professors at the college. Many of its ''anciens'' go on to serve as diplomats and senior civil servants in European institutions. ==History== The College of Europe was the world’s first university institute of postgraduate studies and training in European affairs. It was founded in 1949 by leading European figures, such as Salvador de Madariaga, Winston Churchill, Paul-Henri Spaak and Alcide De Gasperi, in the wake of the Hague Congress of 1948. They imagined a college where Europe's future leaders, some from countries only a short while before at war with each other, could live and study together. The Hague Congress also led to the creation of the European Movement. A group of Bruges citizens led by the Reverend Karel Verleye succeeded in attracting the college to Bruges. Professor Hendrik Brugmans, one of the intellectual leaders of the European Movement and the President of the Union of European Federalists, became its first Rector (1950–1972). After the fall of communism, and in the wake of the changes in Central and Eastern Europe, the College of Europe campus at Natolin (Warsaw, Poland), was founded in 1993 with the support of the European Commission and the Polish government. The college now operates as ‘one College – two campuses,’ and what was once referred to as the ‘''esprit de Bruges''’, is now known as the ‘''esprit du Collège''’. In 1998, former students of the college set up the Madariaga – College of Europe Foundation, which is presided over by Javier Solana. The number of enrolled students has increased significantly since the 1990s. The College of Europe originally had no permanent teaching staff; the courses were taught by prominent academics and sometimes government officials from around Europe. Especially in the last couple of decades, the college has increasingly employed professors and other teaching staff on a permanent basis. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「College of Europe」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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